Free Essays on Romeo And Juliet

to firearms. To attempt to remain with the first attributes of the play, the characters called their firearms â€Å"Sword 9mm.† He likewise kept the language as Shakespeare had composed it just in light of the fact that that was something that he believed he was unable to change. Luhrmann may have refreshed the setting of the play, yet he really utilized significantly more of the composed discourse... Free Essays on Romeo And Juliet Free Essays on Romeo And Juliet Romeo and Juliet, by William Shakespeare, was a romantic tale that finished in disaster. Numerous characters in the story acted before intuition, in doing this, they all hinted at the passings of Romeo and Juliet. Three of the primary characters that acted before learning all the data were Romeo, Juliet, and Capulet. Romeo and Juliet were mystery darlings from two fighting families; Romeo a Montague, Juliet a Capulet. They began to look all starry eyed at from the start sight and were hitched inside days. Their affection must be left well enough alone and the main individuals that thought about them being hitched were the medical caretaker and Friar Laurence. Minister just weds them since he figures it will enable the families to show signs of improvement, and conceivable end their fight. It didn’t help by any stretch of the imagination, it just caused Tybalt to get in a battle with Romeo, which caused Mercutio to go to bat for Romeo, that prompted Tybalt executing Mercutio, a nd everything finished when Romeo slaughtered Tybalt while in an anger. Romeo, Juliet, and Capulet all carried on of numbness, bringing about the heartbreaking demise of Romeo and Juliet. Romeo was a character that acted before knowing all the data, and it cost him his life. After Romeo murdered Tybalt, Prince exiled him from the boulevards of Verona. From that point he moved to Mantua and anticipated news from the Friar. At the point when he didn't hear anything from Friar he chose to return into Verona and see his Juliet. On his way there he stops to see a pharmacist to get a toxin that would murder him. â€Å"Hast thou no letters to me from the minister? /No issue. Get thee gone/And recruit those ponies. I’ll be with thee straight. /Well, Juliet, I will lie with thee tonight.† (5,1,31-32 and 34). In the event that he would have contemplated what he was doing, or even gone to the Friar to perceive what occurred, he wouldn’t have gone to the pharmacist to get the toxic substance. At the point when he showed up he saw Juliet lying â€Å"dead.† He cherished her so much that on the off chance that she were dead he would need to be dead additi onally, so he took the toxin and k... Free Essays on Romeo And Juliet Romeo and Juliet Romeo and Juliet is one of Shakespeare's plays about disaster. It is around two sweethearts who end it all when their quarreling famillies keep them from being together. The play has numerous characters, each with its own job in keeping the plot line. A few characters have next to no to do with the plot however some have the plot rotating around them. Minister Lawrence doesn't have particularly time in front of an audience yet the time he has is vital to the plot line. Through his words Friar Lawrence shows the he is a well meaning, yet now and again shallow, man who isn't reluctant to face challenges to help other people One of Friar Lawrences most great attributes is the manner by which well meaning he is. He may accomplish something strange on the off chance that he figures the result will help somebody he thinks about. For instance, when he says In one regard I'll thy right hand be; for this union may so cheerful demonstrate, to turn your family units antipathy to unadulterated love.(Act 2, Scene 3), he is stating that the main explanation he will wed Romeo and Juliet is on the grounds that he trusts that the marriage will end the threats between the two houses. At the point when he says Will Romeo by my letters know our float, and here will he come; and he and I will watch thy waking, and that very night will Romeo bear thee to Mantua. (Act 4, Scene 1), he discloses to Juliet how everything will be OK. Sadly, for all his sincere goals the play despite everything closes in disaster. Minister Lawrence is a man who isn't reluctant to face challenges when he feels it is neccesary to support somebody. For instance in Act 2, Scene 6, when he weds Romeo and Juliet, he is taking a chance with his notoriety for being a Friar so he can support the two sweethearts. Likewise, when he says Take thou this vial, being then in bed, and this refined alcohol drink however off; (Act 4, Scene 1), he is recommending that Juliet drink a mixture so she may feighn her own passing and abstain from wedding Paris. This is an extr... Free Essays on Romeo And Juliet Romeo and Juliet, is an account of two youthful sweethearts, whose adoration was bound for obliteration. They didn't envision that their adoration would prompt the disasters that it did. These two youngsters did nothing incorrectly with the exception of begin to look all starry eyed at. Three parts of their decimation incorporated the fight between the two families, the medical caretaker and her selling out of Juliet and the most significant part of everything is destiny. The fight between the two families was one factor that added to the affection for Romeo and Juliet being bound for obliteration. From old resentment break to new insurrection. (Romeo and Juliet, Prologue, pg.2 l.3) The two families, Montagues and Capulets, had numerous issues. There was abhor between the two families to such an extent that even the hirelings loathed one another. This quarrel would have caused numerous issues for Romeo and Juliet: These two youthful darlings knew this also, this is the reason they stayed quiet about their marriage. On the off chance that their folks found their mystery, they would have made their kids' lives hopeless. Romeo and Juliet would not have had the option to see each other. Both of these families were extremely difficult and there was barely anything that would have caused them to become companions. In the preamble we discover that the main way the struggle could be finished was by the passings of Romeo and Juliet. Doth with their passing cover their parent's struggle. (Romeo and Juliet, Prologue, l.8) Neither the Montagues or the Capulets would have acknowledged the marriage. Keeping the marriage a mystery caused Romeo and Juliet to go to others for help. In some cases these individuals offered them an inappropriate guidance or just double-crossed them.... Free Essays on Romeo And Juliet Notice at whatever point Juliet looks for help, the individuals near her will in general consistently let her down? Why would that be? Aren’t your companions or relatives assume to be the ones who are consistently there for you, and never allowed you to down? Well not in Juliet’s case. Shakespeare, the creator of Romeo and Juliet composed the story in a manner that Juliet a fundamental character in the story, at whatever point looks for direction from her loved ones, particularly when she needs it most, is constantly deceived or let down. In the accompanying sections, I will clarify how, Lady Capulet, Friar Lawrence and Romeo deceived her, and how this caused Juliet to settle on an inappropriate choices throughout her life. Above all else, Lady Capulet is Juliet’s mother. A mother is assume to be near her little girl, and is the individual who knows and comprehends Juliet the most. In any case, for this situation her mom is the main individual to allow her to down. For instance, when Lord Capulet settled on the choice in act three scene 5 that Juliet ought to wed Paris, her mom went to bat for that choice despite the fact that she realized that Juliet would not like to wed Paris. I figure her mom ought to of been on Juliet’s side, since she's her mom and she has involvement with marriage and should know wedding somebody you don't care for is certifiably not a smart thought. Additionally, another selling out by Lady Capulet is that she instructs Juliet to pass judgment on men by their cash, their social status and their appearance. For instance, she prescribed Paris to Juliet on the grounds that he is rich, gorgeous and on the Capulet’s side. This isn't acceptable. Since Juliet truly loves Romeo, and when her mom makes statements like that, it truly makes Juliet upset, since Ro! meo isn't rich, and their family abhors her family and the other way around. These focuses show how shallow Lady Capulet’s character is. This forestalls Juliet to ask exhort from her mom, and can't get direction from her. Furthermore, Friar Lawrence is the second individual who sells out and lets-... Free Essays on Romeo And Juliet Romeo and Juliet is one of Shakespeare's plays about catastrophe. It is around two darlings who end it all when their fighting famillies keep them from being together. The play has numerous characters, each with its own job in keeping the plot line. A few characters have next to no to do with the plot yet some have the plot rotating around them. Monk Lawrence doesn't have especially time in front of an audience however the time he has is critical to the plot line. Through his words Friar Lawrence shows the he is a well meaning, yet once in a while silly, man who isn't reluctant to face challenges to help other people One of Friar Lawrences most positive attributes is the manner by which well meaning he is. He may accomplish something strange on the off chance that he figures the result will help somebody he thinks about. For instance, when he says In one regard I'll thy colleague be; for this coalition may so cheerful demonstrate, to turn your family units animosity to unadulterated love.(Act 2, Scene 3), he is stating that the main explanation he will wed Romeo and Juliet is on the grounds that he trusts that the marriage will end the threats between the two houses. At the point when he says Will Romeo by my letters know our float, and here will he come; and he and I will watch thy waking, and that very night will Romeo bear thee to Mantua. (Act 4, Scene 1), he reveals to Juliet how everything will be good. Tragically, for all his honest goals the play despite everything closes in disaster. Minister Lawrence is a man who isn't reluctant to face challenges when he feels it is neccesary to support somebody. For instance in Act 2, Scene 6, when he weds Romeo and Juliet, he is taking a chance with his notoriety for being a Friar so he can support the two darlings. Likewise, when he says Take thou this vial, being then in bed, and this refined alcohol drink thou

The 5th Amendment Essay -- essays research papers

          The fifth Amendment      Basically, the fifth Amendment expresses that nobody will be accused of capital violations without a Grand Jury's authorization, aside from in cases in regards to the military while under help in wartime or on the other hand open peril. Nobody can be put being investigated again for a similar wrongdoing. You can't be compelled to affirm yourself. That nobody ought to be executed, imprisoned, or have property seized without a legitimate point of reference. Additionally you can't be gotten through merciless or uncommonly discipline. On the off chance that private property is seized for open use, that the proprietor must be made up for their misfortunes decently. It additionally restricts hardship of life, freedom, or property without Due Process of the law.      The fifth Amendment is likewise frequently refered to as the Double Jeopardy Change. The Constitution doesn't state that people can't be put on trail again for a similar offense. The Constitution says that should he litigant be attempted again on a similar charge or charges, that they can't be executed or detained for life without the plausibility of parole.      The fifth Amendment is additionally here and there considered the "Take the Fifth" Amendment. It expresses that no respondent can be compelled to affirm against themselves in a criminal case. When having sworn to tell the truth, you are required to come clean, regardless of whether that fact was to placed you in inconvenience. Taking the fifth a...

A Step By Step Guide to Practicing Focused Meditation

A Step By Step Guide to Practicing Focused Meditation More in Self-Improvement Meditation Happiness Stress Management Spirituality Holistic Health Inspiration Brain Health Technology Relationships Focused meditation can be a useful tool for people who want to try using meditation for stress relief. This meditation style allows you to focus your attention on an object, sound, or sensation rather than trying to achieve a clear mind without a specific focal point. Focused meditation is also feasible without an instructor or teacher, which makes it accessible to anyone with a few minutes of time, something to focus on, and a quiet place. What Is Focused Meditation? Focused meditation involves focusing on something intently as a way of staying in the present moment and slowing down the inner dialogue. Unlike classic meditation â€" where you focus on nothing to quiet your mind â€" with focused meditation, you still remain in the present, but focus wholly on one thing, typically sensory stimulus like sounds, visual items, tactile sensations, tastes, smells, and even your own breathing â€" much like mindfulness meditation techniques. 5 Steps to Focused Meditation Starting your practice involves just a few steps that will come more and more easily with time. Begin with five-minute sessions and work your way up to longer periods of time as you become more comfortable with the exercise. Youll need to find a quiet place where you wont be interrupted. These short sessions of focused meditation can be practiced anywhere at any time, whether you are in the comfort of your own home or in an office at work. The key is to practice your focused meditation in an environment that is calm. Choose a target for your focus. Focusing on your breath is a good choice since it is usually the entry point to any meditation practice.Get into a comfortable position. Sit upright. If you are sitting on a chair, sit right on the edge of it, relaxing into your pelvic bones with your feet on the floor. If you are sitting on the ground, preferably propped yourself up with a cushion or block so that your thighs are relaxed and your spine remains tall. Relax your body. Loosen your shoulders and breathe from your belly. You can cross your legs but you dont have to if youre more comfortable in another position, just as long as you can fully relax without falling asleep.Turn your attention to your chosen target. Zero in on the sensations including the sound, smell, sight, and details of your focal point. The idea isnt to think about it but simply to experience it, being fully present in the moment. If you are focusing on your breath, for example, pay attention to the sensations you experien ce as you inhale and exhale each breath.Calm your inner voice. If your internal monologue starts to analyze your target or begins to rehash stressful situations of the day, worry about the future, make a list for grocery shopping, or anything else, gently turn your attention back to your chosen target and the sensation it provides. You may be focusing on something, but the goal is to maintain a quiet mind.Dont worry about failure.  If you find your mind engaging you and realize that you’re not being fully present with the sensations of your chosen target, don’t let your inner perfectionist beat you up for doing it wrong. Simply congratulate yourself for noticing and return back to the present moment and the sensations youre experiencing. Tips for Focused Meditation Though you can start practicing focused meditation in just five steps, that doesnt mean each session will be easy, particularly in the beginning. Keep these tips in mind to help develop a practice thats tailored to your experience, environment, and enjoyment: Give it time. Meditation often takes practice. If you’re expecting to do it perfectly, you may actually create more stress for yourself. Feeling discouraged may prevent you from sticking with it.Start with shorter sessions. Five minutes is perfect for beginners. Work your way up to longer sessions over time. With practice, this type of meditation becomes easier and more effective.Try another meditation practice. If the experience is frustrating and you don’t really want to continue, you may find more success with other types of meditation like the karate  breathing  meditation.Choose the best time for you. Many people find that focused meditation (or any meditation practice) is a great way to begin their day. A morning meditation practice can do wonders for keeping you calm and reminding you to be mindful  throughout the day.?? Others choose to meditate after work as a way to wind down from their busy schedules and refocus on family and home. Think of it as a great way to leave w ork stress where it should be â€" at work. A Word From Verywell Once you build your foundation, youll start noticing the benefits of meditation, including stress relief, improved memory, and more self-awareness.?? And like any new-to-you hobby or activity, the more you practice, the easier and more intuitive your focused meditation practice will become.

Huygens Principle of Diffraction

Huygens principle of wave analysis helps you understand the movements of waves around objects. The behavior of waves can sometimes be counterintuitive. Its easy to think about waves as if they just move in a straight line, but we have good evidence that this is often simply not true. For example, if someone shouts, the sound spreads out in all directions from that person. But if theyre in a kitchen with only one door and they shout, the wave heading toward the door into the dining room goes through that door, but the rest of the sound hits the wall. If the dining room is L-shaped, and someone is in a living room that is around a corner and through another door, they will still hear the shout. If the sound were moving in a straight line from the person who shouted, this would be impossible because thered be no way for the sound to move around the corner. This question was tackled by  Christiaan Huygens (1629-1695), a man who was also known for the creation of some of the  first mechanical clocks  and his work in this area had an influence on Sir Isaac Newton  as he developed his particle theory of light. Huygens Principle Definition The Huygens principle of wave analysis  basically states that: Every point of a wave front may be considered the source of secondary wavelets that spread out in all directions with a speed equal to the speed of propagation of the waves. What this means is that when you have a wave, you can view the edge of the wave as actually creating a series of circular waves. These waves combine together in most cases to just continue the propagation, but in some cases, there are significant observable effects. The wavefront can be viewed as the line tangent to all of these circular waves. These results can be obtained separately from Maxwells equations, though Huygens principle (which came first) is a useful model and is often convenient for calculations of wave phenomena. It is intriguing that Huygens work preceded that of James Clerk Maxwell by about two centuries, and yet seemed to anticipate it, without the solid theoretical basis that Maxwell provided. Amperes law and Faradays law predict that every point in an electromagnetic wave acts as a source of the continuing wave, which is perfectly in line with Huygens analysis. Huygens Principle and Diffraction When light goes through an aperture (an opening within a barrier), every point of the light wave within the aperture can be viewed as creating a circular wave that propagates outward from the aperture. The aperture, therefore, is treated as creating a new wave source, which propagates in the form of a circular wavefront. The center of the wavefront has greater intensity, with a fading of intensity as the edges are approached. It explains the diffraction observed, and why the light through an aperture does not create a perfect image of the aperture on a screen. The edges spread out based on this principle. An example of this principle at work is common in everyday life. If someone is in another room and calls towards  you, the sound seems to be coming from the doorway (unless you have very thin walls). Huygens Principle and Reflection/Refraction The laws of reflection and refraction can both be derived from Huygens principle. Points along the wavefront are treated as sources along the surface of the refractive medium, at which point the overall wave bends based upon the new medium. The effect of both reflection and refraction is to change the direction of the independent waves that are emitted by the point sources. The results of the rigorous calculations are identical to what is obtained from Newtons geometric optics (such as Snells law of refraction), which was derived under  a particle principle of light—although Newtons method is less elegant in its explanation of diffraction. Edited by Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.

Romanesque And Gothic Architecture As 90821 - Mckenzie Henare

Romanesque and Gothic Architecture AS 90821 - McKenzie Henare Catholicism expresses its faith and relationship with God through many techniques whether it be art, teachings, scriptures or architecture. Extravagant cathedrals built show our relationship and faith in God. But when theories and ideas about why the styles are what they are. There was a time where the original Romanesque architecture became outdated and Gothic architecture was the new style that showed our faith and relationship with God. Reasons for the extreme change include social reasons, technological reasons and theological reasons. Social Reasons Social reasons include the prosperity and property boom of the middle ages which range between the thirteenth and nineteenth centuries. Growth in agriculture was caused by the unproductive land being bought and developed into land that could produce masses of income. Swamps were drained and forests and bushland cut down to increase space for business, buildings and expansion of society. The order of the Cistercians is highly known as the influence that encouraged barren lands to be cultivated, it was the monks that fulfilled these orders. Advancements in agricultural tools replace manual labour, such as the double edged plow completed the job in half the time a manual labourer would. Due to the increasing amount of land and agriculture lead to the boom of growth of towns. Obviously the natural spark of business arises and towns become overrun with people

Social Marketing Company (Smc) Free Essays

Social Marketing: A Success Story in Bangladesh Mahbubur Rahman, MA, MBA 1 and Toslim Uddin Khan, MA, MSS, MBA 2 Social Marketing Company (SMC) is the largest privately managed social marketing organization in the world for a single country. It is a significant contributor to the reproductive and child health services in Bangladesh. The on-going social marketing programs of SMC include family planning, child health, disease prevention and maternal and neonatal health. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Marketing Company (Smc) or any similar topic only for you Order Now SMC’s mission is to improve the quality of lives of vulnerable and less privileged population primarily in public health issues through sustainable social marketing efforts in collaboration with national and international governments and donors. Social marketing is the application of commercial management techniques for popularizing and selling products and services that offer clear benefits to the people at prices they can buy. Thus, easy accessibility through wide availability and high affordability forms the key element of social marketing. The model of social marketing SMC adopted and continues to practice has two components – multi-strategy communications for initiating desired behavior change, and suitable, affordable, readily accessible product and service for sustaining the changed behavior using the techniques of commercial marketing. Because of its remarkable success and its sheer size, social marketing in Bangladesh has become a model of best practices and attracted international attention. Two premier USA based graduate schools of business included the case study on social marketing program in Bangladesh in their curricula, which is an entire chapter of the renowned book titled â€Å"Let Every Child Be Wanted: How Social Marketing Is Revolutionizing Contraceptive Use Around the World† written by Philip D. Harvey. The case on SMC is also included in the â€Å"Asian Marketing Casebook† written by Noel Capon and Wilferied R. Vanhonacker. SMC is ISO 9001-2000 certified company. The company is awarded International Star Award for Leadership in Quality (ISLQ) in 2008 by the Business Initiative Directions (BID) a Madrid-based business organization committed to build better business reputation worldwide. Contribution of SMC to the National Program Social marketing of contraceptives and ORS has proven to be a major contributor to achievement of the health and population objectives of the Government of Bangladesh. Population science experts used three critical measures of contraceptive effectiveness – Total Fertility Rate (TFR)3, Couple Year of Protection (CYP)4 and Contraceptive Prevalence Rate (CPR)5. Between 1975 and 2007, the total fertility rate of the country dropped from 6. 3 to 2. 7, and the overall contraceptive prevalence rate among currently married women rose from 8 percent to 56 percent, with modern contraceptive use at 48 percent (BDHS, 2007). SMC is significantly contributing in the modern contraceptive methods to achieve national contraceptive goals. BDHS shows that 35 percent of the modern contraceptive users use SMC brand contraceptives (four out of ten pill users, six out of 1 Head of Marketing, Social Marketing Company Head or Research and MIS, Social Marketing Company The average number of children that would be born alive to a woman (group of women) during her lifetime 4 It is estimated that one CYP is provided by 150 condoms or 15 oral pill cycles or 4 vials of injectables. 5 Contraceptive prevalence rate is defined as the percent of Married Women of Reproductive Age using family planning method. 2 1 ten condom users and two out of ten injectables users use SM C brand). According to the Consumers Retail Audit, SMC brand condoms have 81 percent share of the retail market while SMC brand OCP have 90 percent of retail market share (ACNielsen, 2008). SMC distributes approximately 100 million pieces of condoms, 40 million cycles of oral pills and one million vials of injectables annually through out the country. ORSaline was launched in late 1985 to enhance the availability of ORS to address mortality and morbidity due to diarrhea among under 5 children in Bangladesh. The usage of packaged ORS in diarroheal cases among the under five children has increased from 61 percent in 2000 to 77 percent in 2007 (BDHS, 2007). According to the Consumers Retail Audit, ORSaline-N brand of SMC is the market leader of ORS retail market with more than 59 percent share (ACNielsen, 2008). SMC distributes approximately 180 million sachets of ORS yearly throughout the country. Evolution of Social Marketing Company The concept of social marketing came to Bangladesh in 1974 when the social marketing project was initiated to challenge rapid population growth by making contraceptive products widely accessible at a price affordable to the general people. The project was initiated by a US-based non-profit organization Population Services International (PSI) in agreement with the Government of Bangladesh (GOB), and with funding from United States Agency for International Development (USAID). In 1990, the project transformed into Social Marketing Company – a not-for-profit private limited company, and since being operated under a voluntary Board of Directors consisting of eminent personalities with private and public sector expertise in different fields. From 1997, SMC had been the social marketing partner in the USAID funded National Integrated Population and Health Program (NIPHP) under a Cooperative Agreement. After end of NIPHP, SMC signed a new Cooperative Agreement with USAID as a partner of USAID Bangladesh Health and Population Program (UBHPP) effective from January 2008. Sales and Distribution Network SMC has one of the most established, extensive and efficient distribution networks in Bangladesh. Nationwide coverage is carried out through twelve offices located in major division and district towns of the country. This enables SMC’s a little over 100 men-strong sales force to distribute products to the far-flung outlet promptly and regularly. On an average, about 223,000 outlets are served by SMC sales force each year of which approximately 35 percent are pharmacies and the rest are nonpharmacies including grocery stores and kiosks. Stocks at the sales offices are replenished through large delivery trucks at scheduled intervals. The sales force cover the territory by SMC’s fleet of delivery vans, motorbikes and boats whenever necessary. In order to ensure efficient and secured storage of all SMC products, SMC has constructed a central warehouse (CWH) and a packaging unit located at Bhaluka, Mymensingh in 2008. The CWH is constructed with necessary warehousing needs like adequate passageway for transporting goods, ventilation, natural light or scope for increasing artificial lighting, optimum space areas for stacking goods as per standard storing guidelines. The widespread sales and distribution efforts of SMC contributed to make its products widely available in the retail outlets across the country. The product availability study showed that 84 percent of the retail pharmacy outlets have at least one SMC brand of Oral Contraceptive Pill (OCP) while 82 percent pharmacy outlets have at least one SMC brand of condom and 91 percent pharmacy outlets have at least one SMC brand of ORS. In addition to pharmacy outlets, SMC sales condom and ORS in 2 he non-pharmacy outlets as a strategy to increase accessibility and availability of the products. One in every five non-pharmacy retail outlets of the country has SMC brand condom and more than two in every five non-pharmacy retail outlets have SMC brand ORS countrywide (Pathway, 2007). The Table 1 shows the availability of SMC products in the retail outlets. Table 1: Availability of SMC Brand OCP, Condom and ORS by Pharmacy and Non-pharmacy Retail Outlets (in percentage) Brand Pharmacy Non-pharmacy At least one SMC brand OCP 84 na At least one SMC brand Condom 2 21 At least one SMC brand ORS 91 44 Number of Outlets 2400 4800 Use of Innovative Communication Channel for Strategic Behavior Change When social marketing began in Bangladesh, many were skeptical about the feasibility of large-scale information dissemination and advertising of contraceptive products. They were skeptical mostly for three reasons. First, Bangladesh is predominantly Muslim society in which reproductive health was not openly discussed. Second, much of the population was illiterate at that time with limited access to media. Third, the majority of the population was very poor and there were doubts that people could be persuaded to purchase contraceptives when these supplies were available free from other sources. To address the prevailing formidable situation in the mid seventies, SMC launched a strong and innovative communication program to facilitate and sustain behavior changes towards family planning and contraceptive use. The program is now recognized worldwide for its creative use of innovative channels to communicate generic family planning and health messages and to promote sales of branded products. All modern mass media communication channels including regional and national radio, television, and print media were being utilized from the very beginning. The products have been advertised on billboards, signs, buildings, water tanks, shop boards and banners, rickshaws, shopping bags, at sporting events, and through free promotional distribution. Riverboats carried Raja Condom logos on their sails. The Mobile Film Program (MFP) is a hallmark of social marketing in Bangladesh, and a major factor in making SMC the largest social marketing program in the world. The mobile van fleet presents audio-visual shows that reach hundreds of thousands in rural areas with education on health issues and advertisements of SMC’s products. A recently conducted study on MFP showed that 63 percent of the MFP viewers have learned new information on family planning, 53 percent learned new information on STD/AIDS and 32 percent learned new information on women trafficking watching mobile film program (MRC-MODE, 2007). The pharmacists and non-graduate medical practitioners are one of the major sources of health information and prescriber of medicine, particularly in rural and semi-urban areas. As a part of the comprehensive communication strategy, SMC provides training to approximately 17,000 health providers annually to strengthen their knowledge and skill in order to offer better over-the-counter services including counseling. Brands as Demand Drivers Market segmentation, effective positioning and brand development efforts continue to be a major part of SMC’s strategies, and the company now provides a diverse range of pills and condoms targeted at 3 specific market segments and supported with brand-specific advertising and promotion. The efforts have significantly contributed to increase brand awareness and brand loyalty among the target population. For example, Raja condom was introduced in 1976 and ultimately became synonymous with the word â€Å"condom† in Bangladesh with huge advertising and promotional efforts over the last 32 years. A study on Use of Contraceptive Among the Poor Couples in Bangladesh conducted by ACNielsen explored the reasons for using SMC OCP among the current SMC brand OCP users. About 61 percent SMC brand OCP contraceptive users mentioned the reason as it suits with body while 13 percent mentioned it is widely available, 8 percent mentioned that it is a good quality brand, 9 percent mentioned husband purchases it and 2 percent mentioned that they purchase it due to its lower price (ACNielsen, 2008). SMC sells its contraceptive product brands by positioning them at appropriate market segments. Target market for Raja and Hero condoms and Femicon and Femipil OCP are the lower income population. SOMA-JECT injectable and Panther condom are for the lower-mid level of the market, while Sensation nd U condoms, Minicon (progesterone only pill) and Nordette-28 oral pills are positioned at the slightly upper mid segment of the market. ORSaline-N, Monimix and safe delivery kit are positioned for all segments of the market. Table 2 shows different SMC brands with year of launching: Table 2: SMC brands, year of launching, and its positioning in the market. Products Brand Oral Contraceptive Nordette-28 Pill Femicon Femipill Minicon SOMA-JECT Injectable Condom ORS Micro nutrition Safe Delivery Kit Raja Panther Sensation U HERO ORSaline/ORSali ne-N ORSaline Fruity Monimix Safety Kit Year of Launch 1995 1976 1983 1992 2005 006 1983 Positioning Upper and middle segment Lower segment Lower segment All segments Lower and middle segment Lower segment Middle segment Upper segment Upper segment Lower segment All segments 2003 2008 2008 Upper segments All segments All segments 1996 2008 2000 1999 Knowledge Attitude Practice and Perception (KAPP) Study on OCP shows that the Married Women of Reproductive Age (MWRA) have a wider level of awareness of SMC brand OCP. Eight out of ten MWRA know Femicon brand while about half of the MWRAs know Nordette-28 brand. Those couples who know the brand have a very high level of quality perception regarding brand. Eighty-five percent of the MWRA who know Femicon brand mentioned that the brand is either very good or good while 92 percent of the MWRA who know Nordette-28 brand told that it is either very good or good quality OCP (RCS, 2007). Table 3 shows the quality perception on SMC brand OCP among the MWRA who know the brand: 4 Table 3: Quality Perception on SMC Brand OCP among MWRA who know the brand OCP brand of SMC Response Femicon Nordette-28 Minicon Very good 14. 8 10. 6 30. 3 Good 71. 3 81. 3 36. 9 Not so good not so 5. 4 3. 3 12. 9 bad Not good 1. 9 0. 8 1. 0 Don’t Know 6. 4 4. 1 18. 8 Number of MWRA 2045 597 287 Blue Star Social Franchising Program: Involvement of the Private Practitioners in the Public Health Priority Areas The Blue Star Program is an all out effort to bring the private sector health service providers (both graduate and non-graduate medical practitioners) into the public health program. The program works through a network of 3600 private medical practitioners. The purpose of this program is to address the unmet need of the target population by improving quality, awareness, accessibility, and affordability of priority public health services through the private health providers. SMC provide comprehensive training, commodity supply, promotional support and supervision monitoring to these Blue Star Providers. A Program Evaluation Study interviewed 1379 private sector health service providers – half of them were Blue Star Providers and the rest half was not affiliated with the Blue Star Franchising. The study reveals that knowledge level on contraception of Blue Star Providers is significantly higher than the non Blue Star Providers. For example, around 41% of non Blue Star providers have no knowledge on the side effect of injectable while the rate is less than one percent for Blue Star Providers (RCS, 2006). Currently injectable contraceptive is given along with other health services through this network. Next to the OCP, injectable is the most popular temporary contraceptive method in Bangladesh. According to Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2007, 7% of the eligible couples are using Injectable contraceptive compared to 2. 6% in 1991. As BDHS 2007 shows, one out of five injectable users collect their supplies from private medical sector – graduate and non-graduate medical practitioners and pharmacies, which are considered as the outlets of Blue Star Franchising Program. Social Marketing of Micronutrient Product: A New Avenue in Child Health Program SMC has launched its Micronutrition program in Bangladesh through introduction of †MoniMix† – a branded micronutrient powder for simple and convenient in-home food fortification of complementary food to address childhood Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) in May 2008. Objective of the micronutrient program is to help improve nutritional status of under-five children, particularly of those with childhood IDA, to increase knowledge and awareness among parents and health service providers about the importance of micronutrient containing food and adequate dietary intake, and to promote exclusive breastfeeding and proper complementary feeding of nutrition rich foods. A KAPP study on Home Fortification of Complementary Food among the parents and caregivers of the children under 5 years found that nearly half of the respondents (47 percent) mentioned that they are aware about IDA while the rest (53 percent) admitted their complete ignorance on the issue 5 (ACNielsen, 2008). The findings of the study strongly justify the comprehensive awareness creation campaign on Micronutrition in general and IDA in particular which SMC has started. SMC Factory: Manufacturing ORS to Ensure Product Security In order to ensure the security of ever increasing demand of pre-packaged ORS, SMC has established its own very modern ORS manufacturing facility in 2004. This facility has certainly released SMC from complete dependency on contract manufacturers. The annual ORS production capacity of the factory is around 200 million sachets, and the factory produced 176 million sachets of ORSaline-N in FY 2007. The SMC factory complex is situated on 5. 9 acres of land at Bhaluka on the DhakaMymensingh highway. The factory complex includes raw materials and finished goods store, production unit, quality control labs, services and administration units. Machinery and equipments of the SMC factory are of latest technology and in particular, the sachet machine is state-of-art. The Future: Journey Towards Sustainability SMC is seeking to increase its contribution to the achievement of national health objectives through significant expansion in the services it provides and the products it sells, while enhancing its organizational sustainability through increased revenues and improved management. Over the past years, SMC has steadily improved its cost recovery, which was 74 percent in 2007. Eventually, SMC endeavors to become a self-reliant social marketing company with minimum level of donor assistance. However, the products that are positioned for the lower segment – one condom, one pill and one injectable – would continue as a part of SMC’s social commitment to serve the less privileged and vulnerable groups. Reference 1. ACNielsen Bangladesh, â€Å"Knowledge, Attitude Perception and Practice (KAPP) Study on Home Fortification of Complementary Food†, 2008, Conducted for Social Marketing Company 2. ACNielsen Bangladesh, â€Å"Retail Audit Report on OCP, Condom and ORS†, April 2008 Conducted for Social Marketing Company 3. ACNielsen Bangladesh, â€Å"Use of Contraceptive Among the Poor Couple of Bangladesh†, 2008 Conducted for Social Marketing Company 4. Eve, E. Epstein, â€Å"SMC Story: The History of Social marketing Company†, 2006 written for Social Marketing Company . Institute of Public Health and Nutrition (IPHN), Government of Bangladesh, â€Å"National Strategy for Anemia Prevention and Control in Bangladesh†, 2007 6. MRC-MODE Limited â€Å"Study on Mobile Film Program†, 2007, Conducted for Social Marketing Company 7. National Institute of Population Research and Training (NIPORT), Mitra and Associates, and ORC Macro, â€Å"Preliminary Report on Banglad esh Demographic and Health Survey 2007†, 2007. 8. Noel Capon and Wilfried R. Vanhonacker, â€Å"The Asian Marketing Casebook†, 1999 9. Philip D. Harvey, â€Å"Let Every Child Be Wanted: How Social Marketing Is Revolutionizing Contraceptive Use Around the World†, 1999 10. Pathway â€Å"Availability and Market Penetration Study of SMC Products†, 2007, Conducted for Social Marketing Company 11. Research and Computing Services (RCS) Limited, â€Å"Knowledge, Attitude Perception and Practice (KAPP) Study on Oral Contraceptive Pill among the Married Women of Reproductive Age† 2007, conducted for Social Marketing Company 6 How to cite Social Marketing Company (Smc), Papers

Non-Conformism Is the Refusal to Conform free essay sample

Non-conformism is the refusal to conform to common standards, conventions, rules, customs, traditions, norms or laws. The bravest act of non-conformism I’ve seen would have to be, Malcolm X. During his life, Malcolm went from being a drug dealer and burglar to one of the most prominent Black Nationalist leaders in the United States; he was considered by some as a martyr of Islam and a champion of equality. As a militant leader, Malcolm X advocated black pride, economic self-reliance, and identity politics. He ultimately rose to become a world-renowned African American/Pan-Africanist and human rights activist. Throughout his life Malcolm X went through many transformations and through them all he still did not conform to what society expected of him. Malcolm (Little) X preached what he believed about racism, discrimination, and segregation. He went through many changes in his fight for equality. The three transformations that really changed the way Malcolm thought and preached where his transformation in prison, his transformation into the Islamic religion (following Elijah Muhammad), and the biggest transformation of all, his pilgrimage to Mecca. We will write a custom essay sample on Non-Conformism Is the Refusal to Conform or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Malcolm had a lot of respect from those who believed in what he was preaching. He was a man who knew what he wanted and was going to change the way things were. Malcolm did not have the odds to make something of himself. He overcame those odds and became one of the most inspiring and important people in the struggle for equality. Every one should learn from the way Malcolm turned his life around for the better and how he made an impact on those around him. Malcolm (Little) X is definitely one of the people who made the biggest impact on the 20th Century. We have come along way since Malcolm’s assassination in the struggle for quality. We still have a ways to go before his final goal is reached.

Tort Reform in the United States

Tort Reform in the United States A tort can be described as a civil immoral doing or an action that is not inevitably illegitimate, but one that makes another person suffer loss or mischief. In the US, any person who suffers a loss or any impairment has the right to reclaim the loss. Such a person is entitled to claim compensation for damages that he/she has incurred, usually in monetary terms. A tort claim is made against a person or people responsible for the injuries.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Tort Reform in the United States specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Tort cases may comprise such topics as product liability, wrongful imprisonment, infringement of copyright, pollution of the environment, and auto accidents among many others that qualify under the definition of a tort. Categories of tort include negligence, statutory torts, nuisance, economic torts, and intentional torts. Tort reforms in the US are simply ideas that are design ed to change the way the civil justice system works In her blog ‘Tort Deform: The Civil Justice Defense blog, Protecting America’s Access to Courts’, Justinian Lane explains tort reforms in terms of the American politics showing how the different divides between the Republicans and Democrats affect the tort reforms. She believes that tort reforms are purely an endeavor â€Å"to make it difficult for people to file injury lawsuits besides collecting reasonable amounts of money from injury suits† (Lane, 2012, Para. 1). She postulates that efforts are meant to protect the leading industries to the detriment of the public (Lane, 2012, Para. 3). Republicans, proponents of the campaign in question, judge that cases are a form of ordinances that affect the giant industries and that most industries fund the Republican Party. On the other hand, most trial lawyers are Democrats and that they fund the Democratic Party from earnings from these suits. Therefore, the su pport for tort reforms by republicans is simply to curtail the Democrats’ source of funds on the political arena. In the evaluation of this postulation for the purposes of if it can be used as an argument for tort reforms in the US, I find it lacking in depth in terms of the core purposes of tort reforms. This follows because all American people suffer civil suits for injury and damages regardless of their political affiliations. Therefore, the need for compensation cannot be pegged on ones political views (Lane, 2012, Para. 6). Stephen King’s views in the article ‘Does Tort Law Reform Help or Hurt Consumers?’ found in the journal The Economic Record of December 2010 â€Å"constructs a simple competitive model to analyze the effect of Tort reforms on consumers† (King, 2010, p. 563). The framework indicates that changes â€Å"to limit non-economic losses make consumers worse off ex ante† (King, 2010, p. 564).Advertising Looking for res earch paper on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the contrary, changes in financial losses translate to equivocal consequences. King explains that tort law reforms in the US are meant to place a ceiling to payments on non-economic losses ranging from between $250,000 in Kansas, Tennessee, and Montana to more than $1million in Nebraska, Indiana, and Virginia. He explains that tort reforms are aimed at reducing the number of claims made, as well as the size of claims with the sole aim of lowering insurance premiums to make other products that come along with it more affordable. This article by King is reliable in the study of tort reforms in the US because Stephen King, as an individual, is a distinguished scholar in the field of Business and Economics at the Monash University Caulfield, Victoria; Australia (King, 2010, p. 577). King’s article gives an empirical approach to the topic to prove the theory he is postulating. This therefore makes the article reliable. The article is published in the Economic Record Journal, which is a journal published by the Economic Society of Australia, which is an authority in economic matters in Australia recognized in the world over (King, 2010, p. 563). In the article ‘Public Choice and Tort Reform’ of 2005, Paul Rubin explains the origin, existence, and the future of tort law together with the need and consequences of its reform. Rubin explains that several interest groups that tend to shape tort, in its origin and reform, to meet their own agenda influence (Rubin, 2005, p. 224). He therefore approaches it from a public choice point of view to find out the public’s interest in tort reforms. He narrows the reforms down to the US in relation to the special groups’ interest. This follows because tort has been shaped up by special interest lobbying and what can be described as rent seeking by trial lawyers. The article bring s out the cost of tort on the economy. It explains that the cost of tort in relation to GDP is 2.2% of GDP, and that other costs like administrative costs and lawyer fees make up about 87% of the total tort cost ((Rubin, 2005, p. 228). This article by Rubin is reliable in explaining tort reforms in the US because it comes along with facts that it has used for its argument to reach its conclusion. The article is authentic because, for it to qualify to appear in the public choice journal, it has met all the stringent conditions for any academic articles for the purpose of publication (Rubin, 2005, p. 236). Howard Brody et.al in their paper entitled ‘Professionally Responsible Malpractice Reform’ in the Journal of Internal Medicine explores the relationship between negligence, medical malpractice, and tort reforms. The authors explain that most medical practitioners are not versed with the tort laws because they fall under a very different field, and they are too broad (Br ody, 2011, p. 808).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Tort Reform in the United States specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They explain that, if medical malpractice is taken care of well, then incidences that require the intervention of tort law or action within the medical field will reduce (Brody, 2011, p. 808). The paper further explains that physician-centered tort reforms in the US are aimed at protecting physicians by limiting the number of malpractice suits filed against the practice in a bid to punish lawyers who are accused of bringing in frivolous malpractice suits. This is discovered to be used by doctors to cover them up against litigation and not necessarily to cap tort payments (Brody, 2011, p. 809). In finding out the authenticity of this paper and if it can be used as an authority for tort reforms in the US, the answer is yes. Medical malpractice, specifically physician negligence, is one of the major categories covered under the tort law and thus the need to reform tort in the US will most definitely fall within this document. The document has been prepared by Howard Brody et al who have an authority in medical matters as holders of a PhD in medicine. Therefore, he is an authority in this matter. Janelle Blake et.al explores efforts that have been made by the state to curb medical malpractice reforms in her article titled ‘The Us Medical Liability System: Evidence for Legislative Reform’, which was published in the journal Annals of Family Medicine. In the article, she evaluates the effects of previous malpractice tort reforms on malpractice payments and premiums in the US (Blake, 2006, p. 243). Her findings point out that a decrease in misconduct costs could be garnered significantly, â€Å"if non-economic damage ceilings could be put in operation on a national scale† (Blake, 2006, p. 246). Her findings also indicate that noneconomic damage and total d amage ceilings could lead to lower premiums. Further, she reveals, â€Å"statutory tort reforms were not associated with lower rates of payments† (Blake, 2006, p. 246). The study explains that increase in these malpractice premiums together with excessive rewards that litigants are paid and the fear that physicians have against litigation, have led to a rise in healthcare costs thus a threat to access to medical care in the US (Blake, 2006, p. 246). The study can be used as an authentic study material for tort reforms in the US because it tends to bring out reasons for agitation of tort reforms in the US, as well as the cost of a tort action to the economy and society as a whole. This is a scholarly article done using empirical studies to come up with the drawn conclusions. As such, it has been published in a reputable research journal.Advertising Looking for research paper on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In conclusion, the articles that have been evaluated here concerning their suitability to give advice on tort reforms in the US are authentic and reliable. The conclusion follows since the sources scholarly publications with authority in their different fields. The authors of the same articles are professionals in their fields and have very high academic credentials to cap with thus making them have authority in their respective fields of study. Thus, their opinions can be counted on to advice on the said topic ‘Tort Reforms in the US’. The articles explored have been prepared with facts in hand to prove whatever theory they are trying to postulate about tort reforms. Such facts have been collected from reliable findings done over a period, and are consistent with the requirements of research. Reference List Blake, J. (2006). The US Medical Liability System: Evidence for Legislative Reform. Annals of Family Medicine, 4(3), 240-248. Brody, H. (2011). Professionally Respo nsible Malpractice Reform. Journal of Internal  Medicine, 26(7), 808-809. King, S. (2010). Does Tort Reform Help or Hurt Consumers. The Economic Record, 86(275), 563-577. Lane, J. (2012). Protecting Americans Access to the Courts. Tort Deform: The civil  Justice Defence Blog. Retrieved from tortdeform.com/ Rubin, P. (2005). Public choice and Tort Reform. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/30026711?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

5 Reasons Why Summer Job Hunting Will Get You a Job

5 Reasons Why Summer Job Hunting Will Get You a Job You may think nothing happens in the summer. No one is really working or hiring, so you may as well take a break from your job search until Labor Day rolls around, right? Big mistake. The fact is there are still job offers to be found out there- even in the dog days. Remain at the top of the game, and hopefully one of those jobs will be yours for the taking. Here are 5 specific reasons why you should persevere in your hunt for the next great opportunity over the summer months.1. It’s the perfect time to take stockThis is particularly true if you’ve been looking for a new job for a few weeks or months. The summer is a good time marker. Take a step back and evaluate your progress. What has and hasn’t been working? Could you glam up your resume or LinkedIn profile a bit? Re-hone and rehearse your elevator pitch? Come up with a new strategy? The self-examining work you do now will pay off–not only over the summer, but throughout your career.2. You’ll ge t a leg up on the competitionWhile there are still jobs out there in the summer, there are far fewer applicants. Now that you’re in on the secret, you can be sure that your resume is circulating among far fewer resumes in the summer months. So while the other guys are at the beach, you’ll be making forward progress. Keep networking, keep applying. Keep your eye on the prize.3. Interviews are less complicated to scheduleYour workload has eased up a bit, and the same is probably true for recruiters. You’ll find it’s much easier to find a mutually convenient time to meet someone in the summer months. Plus, there’s often a more relaxed and casual feel in the office. And, if your boss is away, you won’t have to worry about lying to her when you duck out for an interview with a headhunter!4. Networking can be more casualJust like the office dress code, the professional networking scene eases up a bit in summer. Gone are the formal mixers and event s. You can try the â€Å"grab a burger and a beer† strategy, or perhaps join a league sports team. And when you’re relaxed? You probably appear more confident. There are many more opportunities for casual conversations. You can start with the weather or the Red Sox and end up with a job prospect.5. You’ll have time to reevaluateHow did your year go at your current job? How well were you compensated? How well did you meet your goals? If you have a dream job on the horizon, now’s a good time to take stock and figure out what skills and certifications you may need to acquire to get there. Confer with your time table and make sure you’re not straying too far from it.In short, use these slower months to kick your job searching butt into high gear! Your future fall self will thank you.

Write an annotation entry consisting of a Citation, a brief Summary, Essay - 8

Write an annotation entry consisting of a Citation, a brief Summary, and a short paragraph Evaluation of the text below - Essay Example sident Obama acknowledged the fact that there is no need to have the Ferguson’s report to establish the truth that racial discrimination still exist in the current generation. Nia-Malika views that part of the speech as a way by which the president is making a call that people need to be cowards but focus on the past and not just the events of Ferguson to justify the existence of racial discrimination. Gwen reflects on the recent statement by the attorney general at the same event and asks if that is a responsibility or a burden to the first black president. In giving her response, Amy says that it is both a burden as well as a responsibility but admits that the speech by the president sought to offer hope and the realization not all is lost in the quest for a generation of impartial racial treatment. She admits that inequality still exist in the America society and it is closely tied to education and income. Gwen proceeds on another part of the speech in which the president directed his statements on close to 100 members of the Congress in the wake of their call to renew the voting rights Act. The president acknowledged the fact that the voting rights Act was one of the greatest achievement of American democracy which was as a result of the efforts by both the Republicans and the Democrats. The act was signed by various former presidents such as Reagan and Bush while they were in the Oval Office. Henderson argues that the statement has a lot of impact among the Republicans whom she considers to be a bit different from those of the past hence they are likely to show a different view of the Act. Amy considers the Act to be partially partisan in relation to geographical distribution of the various races in the Unites States. On the part of Hillary Clinton using her personal emails for official duties, Amy comments that she has to stand out on her own to defend herself without expecting the help of anyone. The interview by Gwen is very useful as it offers a deeper

Multinationsl Enterprise's Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Multinationsl Enterprise's - Essay Example This would mean that multinationals have to invest in not only a change in strategy over a period of time but also carry out related activities like proper methods of hiring, removing inefficient employees, investing a little more on the units which are ready to default as well as strengthen the cash cow strategic unit of the company, all the same. Multinational institutions around the world have devised similar strategies so that they can cope up with the ever-rising pressure that they face from their direct as well as the indirect competitors. The direct competitors could be in the form of the partners who are strategically or at times tactically coming up with their customer-tailored products whilst being on the same end of some other strategic unit with the said multinational. The same has been seen as quite an ‘in’ thing in the business world of present times and all said and done it will continue to be the same for a number of years to come. [Jones, 2002] The change in the organizations’ strategies as well as structures guarantee that the company is present and willing to do more than just provide products and services to the end consumers. It wants to make the people realize that the company is there and wants to do its very best by tailoring its strategies in such a manner that can only benefit them nonetheless. After all, a company or an organization without the target people is nothing more than an office set up with employees and employers working for no one, at the end of the day. Also the fact that organizations need to evolve over a period of time is testimony enough for them to grow within themselves and thus adopt and hold on to a new path altogether, one that will be their torchbearer as well as reap rich dividends for them not only in the present times but also in the future. These strategies are so much in alignment with the future goals and tactical perspectives that they fulfill what is really expected of them, both in terms of short

Trinidad And Tobago By World War II History Essay

Trinidad And Tobago By World War II History Essay World War 2, also known as the Second World War was the largest and most violent armed conflict in history which lasted for more than six years from 1939 to 1945, which produced approximately 50 million deaths. This war involved the most countries compared to any other war and introduced many weapons and ended with the first use of nuclear weapons. It began in Europe on September 1st, 1939 when the Germans invaded Poland without any formal declaration, while Britain and France as allies formally declared war on Germany and the latter was aided by Italy and Japan. However in the early 1930s, the war began earlier with Japanese interventions in China. In Europe the war ended on May 8th 1945 with Germany surrendering and in Asia on September 2nd, 1945 when the Japan officially surrendered. The purpose of this paper is to critique the view that World War II ushered in radical changes in Trinidad and Tobago, firstly I provided a brief history of World War II and how Trinidad became apart of it. Lastly I discussed the social, infrastructure, economic and cultural changes it brought in Trinidad and Tobago. The research method employed in this paper was a form of non-experimental research as secondary data was collected in order to evaluate the changes World War II to brought to Trinidad and Tobago. In carrying out this research, a major limitation was that information on the research topic was not easily available both on the internet and libraries and it is therefore recommended schools and national libraries encompass more resources on Trinidad and Tobagos history. History of World War II On September 1st, 1939 Adolf Hitler and his German Nazis invaded  Poland and attacked from their battle ship. The Germans were equipped with a substantial and well-organized general and soldiers causing Poland to surrender. In turn the next day Britain and France formally declared war against Germany and swore their allegiance as a result of defending democracy. Germany was later on joined by Japan and Italy to suppress the rest of the world, they were known as the Axis powers. Against them were the allies; the United Kingdom, France and many others that came later. The United Stated of America remained neutral with the passage of the Neutrality Act of 1937, making it unlawful for the United States to trade with combative groups. However on December 7, 1941, the Japanese attacked the American base of Pearl Harbor in the Hawaii islands thereby the Americans entered into war against the Axis. The United States of American was determined to restrain the Axis powers with their massive economic resources and in the end won the war for the Allies and collapsed the Axis powers. The Germans surrendered to the United States of America and their allied forces and the war in Europe was over and a couple months after Japan surrendered after attacking Hiroshima and Nagasaki. In order for United Stated of America to defeat the Axis powers, they outsourced countries to set up base, Trinidad was on of them in which had a major impact on the country socially, culturally, economically and racially. World War II today continues to receive much interest as it left many political, social and military implications throughout the World. Trinidad and World War II Trinidad played an important role in the Allied war effort, in doing so World War II had a significant impact on the social, economic, racial and cultural development of Trinidad. On September 2, 1940, nearly a year after the World War II began, British government, Prime Minister Winston Churchill agreed to allow the United States of America military to establish and operate bases in several British Caribbean territories. On October, 10 1940, a memorandum was sent to the Governor of Trinidad and Tobago by Admiral John W. Greenslade of the United States of America stating his visit to Trinidad for the purpose of investigating the location and facilities to be leased to the United States of America for naval and air bases and army establishments. The memorandum included the request for location near shore, areas for defence, training, and storage of supplies, hospitalization, landing fields, and fleet anchorage. The Governor of Trinidad and Tobago, Sir Hubert Young along with his advis ors Mr. Grinnell and Mr. Beard questioned a number of facilities requested by the United States and proposed an alternative site, the Caroni Swamp. The United Stated engineer, Commander Bragg, stated that the current state of the Caroni Swamp at the time was unfeasible for military intent and would take fifteen years to drain and construct to meet the requirement for the military use. In addition Governor Young was aware that the local population would resent the idea of using North West Peninsula and as a result cause friction, however the United States government were adamant on setting up their bases on Wallerfield / Sangre Grande and Chagaramas. The British Government and the United States of America agreed on a Bases for Destroyers Agreement in which the United States was granted British islands to establish their naval or air bases on ninety-nine year free leases on the Newfoundland, Eastern side of the Bahamas, Southern coast of Jamaica, Western cost of St. Lucia, West coast of Trinidad, Antigua and British Guiana in exchange for fifty destroyers which was also referred to as the flush-deck destroyers or the four-pipers. In Trinidad the North West Peninsula including the Five Island in Chaguaramas (See Appendix A) and Waller field were leased to the United States for naval and air base, this resulted in the removal of North West Peninsula residents. Britains motive for entering into the bases for destroyers agreement was an attempt both to strengthen its forces and to enlist the United States in the defense of its colonial territories. British Prime Minister Churchill cautioned American President Franklin D. Roosevelt that if Britain was defeated, its colonial islands close to America could become as threat to America if they became German territory. Therefore the United States of America was initially a neutral party during the first two years of the war and their aim for the deal was made not only to better the Allies chances against the Axis but also to ensure that no other European power gained a stronghold in the Americas. Trinidad was the assembly point for the vital oil tankers; the governments political alliance with the United States did not directly put at the country at risk however the construction of the American bases had a remarkable socio-economic impact on the country. According to Brereton, Trinidad played the following significant roles during the war in assisting the United States; it was the convoy-assembly point transmitting tankers from the Caribbean oil ports across the Atlantic to North Africa and Europe, secondly the Gulf of Paria was used by US carriers and airplanes for their final exercises before going to the Pacific Battleground via the Panama Canal. Thirdly planes for the Eighth Army in North Africa were ferried through Trinidad and lastly vessels and civilian planes from South America had to stop at Trinidad for clearance to proceed to North America and European destinations (Brereton, 1982). Economic Changes The American Base in Trinidad had a number of positive and negative effects on the countrys economy, infrastructure, social and cultural aspects, each one will be discussed separately. Locals were thrilled by the opportunities in which the American Base would bring, according to Neptune (1970) both Indo-Trinidadian cane cutters and Afro-Trinidadian domestic servants were ready take advantage of what they expected to be more remunerative U.S. employers. He made reference to Ralph De Boissiers Rum and Coco Cola narration the rosiest illusions about the chances awaiting them. (Neptune, 1970). At the same time planters were disgruntled since they believed workers would abandon the state to work on the American base. To assist the planters, Governor Young consulted the American authorities to implement the prevailing wages policy in which they agreed to adhere to the local pay scale that preceded their arrival in the colony, Trinidad employers were pleased however workers were disappointed (Neptune, 1970). In May 1942, the Americans requested authorization from the Trinidad Governor to increase wages, stating it was necessary to acquire base labour. According to Neptune, some ignored the colonial administration by paying unskilled and semiskilled labourers the rates of a skilled worker. There were a number of major positive effects of the American base in Trinidad. According to Neptune although the base did not offer high wagers as workers expected the Yankee in which locals referred the Americans as enticed the locals to work on the American base as the American boss were rewarding, they offered overtime and holiday bonus. The American base employed more that 15,000 workers in formal positions within six months of construction of the base, the number working informally from show-shine boys to portraits artist was incalculable. The number of employees rose to 25,000 six months later including clerks, teachers and policeman. Neptune went on to say where trained teachers had a salary of $30 a month, they made between $80 and a $150 dollars per month clerking for Americans. In addition in 1940 only 5 officers left the service , where as in 1941 a total of 21 left and for the first two months of 1942 the figure had already reached 24 (Neptune, 1970). The construction of the American base created a large opportunity of employment for the locals According to Brereton, 1982 between 15 and 20 percent of the labor force were employed on the American base. The wages increased thereby increased rural-urban migration causing a shortage of agricultural labor as sugar employment dropped from 30,000 in 1939 to 18,000 in 1943 (Brereton, 1982). World War II resulted in a slower trade around the world and thereby changed production in Trinidad and Tobago, agricultural exports decreased. According to the Library of Congress, 1987 during the 1950s, agricultures share of total output dropped from 17 to 12 percent Trinidad and Tobago was a crown colony and therefore it served as a market for British products. According to Horne (2003) a large number of foods was imported along with books, fabrics, footwear, equipment and tools. Furthermore the Americans occupied agricultural areas such as Valencia which provided fruits; vegetables and carenage for fishing however German submarines invaded the waters during the war and ships were torpedoed causing a shortage in food. This led to a new system of retailing fish and crops and the cost of living rose. On the contrary, the oil industry experienced a boom, according to the Library of Congress (1987), the real gross domestic product increased an average of 8.5 percent annually from 1951 to 1961 and growth averaged 10 percent annually from 1956 to 1961. The real per capita income increased 15 percent. Oil, construction, and manufacturing emerged as dominant industrial sectors. In 1956 a United States oil company, Texaco, entered Trinidad and Tobago and consolidated several holdings of other companies. Oil production jumped from under 60,000 barrels per day prior to 1950 to 80,000 barrels per day toward the end of the decade. In addition, the price of oil continued to rise, allowing for increased oil earnings and growing government revenues (Library of Congress, 1987). Prior to the Americans in Trinidad, more than 10,000 poor women were employed in domestic work, by teenage years; girls had already mastered cooking, cleaning, ironing, and laundering. According to Neptune domestic work accounted for 36% of the islands wages-earning females in the 1930s; however these women endured terrible working conditions in which they worked from dawn till late night for $4 to $10 dollar. In the midst of American arrival where no prevailing wages policy, they offered higher rates than the British and thereby servants began deserting the British colonial employers. According to Neptune, the colonys housewives were in a frenzy causing social friction between Americans and understaffed Trinidadians. However it drove the administration to establish a vocational education committee to oversee the training of domestic workers to improve the dispute between servants and their employers. The American base also brought on a spending economy where there was a boost in the services such as hotels, bars and small businesses. The American base in Trinidad also brought on negative effects on the economy, according to Horne (2003) the government of Trinidad and Tobago incurred a number of expense during the stay of the American Base. The government had to maintain and upkeep the roads used freely by the American official vehicles stationed at the bases, because the agreement exempt from license and registration fees. Secondly the government had to maintain the airport and maintenance cost increased due to the damage to the runaways from heavy military planes. Thirdly the landing and parking fees of the aircraft were free, moreover Trinidad revenue suffer since the government lost 1 million dollars in revenue from excise duties through the delivery at each Base of 10 million gallons of gasoline, 1 million gallons of kerosene duty free( Horne, 2003). Infrastructure The building of the American base launched extensive infrastructure projects for example construction of better roads, causing construction to more than double in over ten years. The American Navy Construction Brigade constructed road to Maracas Bay as compensation for the loss of North West Peninsula (Brereton, 1982) Manufacturings output, encouraged by generous fiscal incentives since 1950, also increased rapidly, although its share of gross domestic product rose from 11 to 13 percent. (Library of Congress, 1987). Culture The American culture also impacted on Trinidad such as their dress mode in which locals admired and adopted. According to Harvey Neptune in November 1939, a small number of Port of Spain office workers issued a plea for cooler dressing; their request was ignored until the arrival of the Americans. On September 16 1941, a policy was created declaring coat, tie and long pants optional work wear and the acceptance of open neck shirts and short pants. Neptune stated that the some expressed grief, saying it was a breakdown of standard respectability and policy for dress reform showed the government supported social disorder. A number of critics who were committed to the British dress style protested against the governments decision, a Port of Spain layer and city deputy, Leo Pujadas, expressed his anger with the dress reform policy saying it was a drastic change and would weaken the social standard of traditional dress. The dress reform was linked to the Yankee culture, in which they would go to church wearing short-sleeved shirts that was out of their pants and no coats. According to Neptune, Pujadas viewed that it was a way of emulating the irresponsible Americans and hoped that Trinidadians continued to adopt the Europeans fashion style. Another critic expressed his view that with the dress reform people would not be able to distinguish the lads from the grownups and others saw it as a decline of civilization (Neptune, 1970). In today society, Trinidadians dress code is unconventional and westernized; this is dated back from World War II and has become prominent with easier access to westernized culture particularly the United States of America. Social Changes The American base did not only trigger drastic economical and infrastructural changes in Trinidad, it also generated substantial social transformation. Traditionally women who bears a child out of wedlock was looked down on, however to the people who came to work on the bases held that position that a young woman did not have to wait till marriage to carry a child. Secondly with the large number of American soldiers entering the country, prostitution became prominent, and brothels were constructed nearby the base. Calypso in Trinidad was a medium of story telling events in the society, Calypsonians during this time sang about the increase of prostitution with the building of the American base. Lord Invaders song, Rum and Coca Cola (See Appendix B) in 1943 proclaimed women in Trinidad working for American money which referred to the enormous increase in Trinidadian women who were making their living as prostitutes with American soldiers as their clients. His lyrics stated If a Yankee comes to Trinidad, they got the young girls all going mad, Young girls say they treat them nice and Both mother and daughter, Working for the Yankee dollar (ITZCaribbean, 2004). These lyrics illustrate the locals referring the American soldiers as Yankees, and it talks about women working for American soldiers referring to prostitution. In 1945, an American group called the Andrews Sisters sang over the song which became a hit in the United States. In 1956, another calypsonian known as The Mighty Sparrow released a song called Jean and Dinah (See Appendix C) also proclaiming prostitution during and after the closing of the American base. His words were Well the girls in town feeling bad, No more Yankees in Trinidad. They going to close down the base for good, Them girls have to make out how they could and So when you bounce up Jean and Dinah, Rosita and Clementina, round the corner posing, Bet your life is something they selling, And if you catch them, You can get them all for nothing, Dont make no row, the Yankees gone, Sparrow take over now (elyrics, 2000)Again in sparrow lyrics American soldiers are referred to as Yankees, in addition he spoke about the large scale prostitution that the bases once supported and the desperation of these prostitutes following the closure of several American military bases  in Trinidad in the post war period. The American base did not only bring social issues to Trinidad but musicians were able to create music from American materials, according to Horne (2003) when the British captured Trinidad from Spain the Carnival festival was allowed to continue. Musicians at the time of poor areas used dry bamboo sticks as percussion instruments to accompany their parades however these illegal. With World War II and the entering of the Americans in Trinidad who brought fifty-five gallon steal oil drums, the Trinidadian musicians improvised and used these drums. They made dents, various cavities such as depth and shallow as well as different sizes which produced various musical sounds and scales. Musicians were poor and no formal musical training however they were able to coordinate and memorize the musical notes, thus the steel band was born (Horne, 2003). Today steel band is very popular and developed not only in Trinidad and Caribbean Islands but it is known throughout the world Another impact of the American base in Trinidad was the locals view on the American status. Trinidadians were not only attracted to the wages offered by the Americans, locals were in elated of the American outlook towards the base, Locals drawn towards the American base because of the adventure of the employment in which the base offered. According to Neptune working for Americans presented the opportunity to participate in an exciting new world and the desire for liberty and novelty by young people were satisfied by working on the base. Neptune referenced Samuel Selvons, A Brighter Sun, a story in about an Indo-Trinidadian called Bunsee become comically pompous and fancied himself as a man of prestige because had an office job with the Americans. The story demonstrated how American employment satisfied ambitions for progress into a modern world. Neptune also made reference to V.S Naipuals Miguel Street demonstrating the downside of the America base, in which the story talk about a c haracter Hat, who appreciated that the American base was not here forever and it would not be smart to give up their jobs. Neptune also stated that other locals stayed away because base work was not in harmony with traditional concept of respectability (Neptune, 1970). The American base also brought crime and violence, during the American stay in Trinidad, the governor allowed the entry of Barbados immigrants to work for the Americans, In March 1942, a totally of 2,000 laborers came to Trinidad to work for the American at a rate of $1.19 (Neptune, 1970), with this the Americans layed off over a hundred locals thereby causing antagonism towards the Barbadians by the locals. On April 3, 1942, a group of Barbadians workers attacked and injured a number of locals at the Arima Princess cinema. The U.S authorities in an attempt to keep peace among the locals and issued a public notice stating that Barbadians were not the reason for the laying off the locals however the British sent home the Barbados workers to reduce the risk of violence. Secondly, racial tension emerged; locals were aggravated with American men since women were lured to them and would prostitute themselves. American were seen as superior by locals since they earned enormous amounts of m oney, in addition, their fashion and language were all factors that the locals admired. Conclusion World War II profoundly transformed the economy and society of Trinidad and Tobago as an outcome of the Base for Destroyers Agreement between the United States of America and Britain. Both positive and negative effects of the American base were evident. The American base in Trinidad made immense changes in the trade industry in which agriculture decreased and oil boomed. A large number of employment opportunities were created on the base as well as increased wages for workers on the base as well as domestic workers. The American base created the rise in prostitution and violence however it also created development of steel pan, according to Brereton (1982) it dismissed the myths of white supremacy as they, too, performed manual labor and consumed their earnings alongside Trinidadians. Brereton also went on to state that the presence of the United States helped prepare the country for the new era of mass electoral political (Brereton, 1982). The Americans in Trinidad also influenced t he locals style of fashion; locals also admired the American competence, technological advancement and status. Although the government suffered revenue due to maintenance of road and airports, the beneficial influence the American had on Trinidad was much greater.

Milk and Snack Fresh Fruit

Explain how to prepare and store food, formula and breast milk safely according to health and safety guidelines. Babies between the ages of birth to 24 months have immune systems that are still developing, leaving them more susceptible to germs and bacteria. Bacteria that comes in contact with an older child or adult may not have the same impact that it will have on a baby, which is why it is extremely important that food safety be managed diligently.In my setting, food is prepared, stored and cooked hygienically. Kitchen area is clean all the time and anyone handling foods have â€Å"Food & Safety Certificate† and good personal hygiene. Anyone handling food washes her/his hands with hot water and soap before touching any foods. We have colour codes for chopping boards, knives cleaning up equipments such as mops etc. Aprons ad hats are essential to wear in food area.We provide food for babies in our setting so parents are not allowed to bring any food because of allergies We s tore the baby food on room temperature only till one hour and there is no direct physical contact with food(aprons and gloves are used ). We sterilise cutlery on daily basis.Storing food at right temperatureWe store food in refrigerator at right temperature which is 0 degree centigrade to 5 degree centigrade. We store food in deep freezer at -18 degree centigrade or below.Preparing formula feedWe make sure all the bottles are sterilised before use.Then we boil the kettle and fill the bottle up to required amount, for example I need to make 5 ounces milk, I will fill the bottle up to 5 ounces, add 5 scoops of milk powder, shake it well, let it cool down and check the temperature on the back of my wrist. Formula milk is ready to use if the temperature is right for child to use.Storing formula milkAccording to the latest recommendation from the Department of Health, formula milk is made fresh rather than being made up in advance and stored. For outings, we take boiled water (at least 7 0 degree centigrade) and formula milk powder with us Storing breast milkIf any parent brings breast milk for her child, we store this milk properly in fridge at 4 degree centigrade according to recommended guideline. Expressed breast milk is stored in sterile bottles or containers to prevent bacteria growth and is always handled with clean hands. We store breast milk only for one day. We shake bottle properly before using.Identify balanced meals, snacks and drinks for children in their early years, following current government guidance on nutritional needs. The term ‘balanced’ diet is often used in connection with healthy eating. A balanced diet is one in which there are sufficient nutrients in the right quantities for children and adults (Penny Tassoni). Within the welfare requirements of the Early Years Foundation Stage there is a requirement that, where children are provided with meals, snacks and drinks, they must be healthy, balanced and nutritious.However, even wi th proper guidance it is clear that there is a need for training on infant and toddler nutrition for all practitioners in childcare settings, to help them to interpret guidelines for the production of nutritionally balanced meals and snacks. Healthy eating for under-fives differs significantly from that for school-age children and adults. For growth, young children need a plentiful source of energy from carbohydrates and fats, alongside protein, vitamins and minerals.This can be achieved by ensuring that, every day, children eat from the four main food groups: bread, cereals and potatoes fruit and vegetables milk and dairy foods meat, fish, eggs and vegetarian proteins (e.g beans, pulses, soya). Children normaly do not get enough calcium, potassium, fiber, magnesium, and vitamin D & E. Sources of these nutrients are listed below: †¢ Fiber- whole grains, fruits and vegetables†¢ Vitamin E – nuts, seeds, wheat germ oil and vegetable oils †¢ Calcium- low fat and fa t free dairy products, rhubarb, spinach, collard greens, and sardines †¢ Magnesium- whole grains, nuts, pumpkin seeds, and white, black, navy beans †¢ Potassium- legumes, potatoes, dried apricots, beet greens, prune juice and dairy products †¢ Vitamin D- sunshine, fortified dairy and juice, cod liver oil, salmon, tuna and mackerel Menu is planned very carefully in my setting considering children’s age and food requirements.Here is the sample menu for a week.Mon Mid Morning Snack Fresh Fruit Lunch Our Popular Fruity Chicken Curry served with RiceFruity Vegetable Curry served with Rice (V) Dessert Fruity Jam Tarts Afternoon Snack Banana Slices Tea Tuna Pasta Salad served with Tomatoes and Cucumber Dessert Chocolate Chip Biscuit Tue Mid Morning Snack Cheesy Crackers Lunch Creamy Salmon Fish Pie served with seasonal VegetablesCreamy Vegetable Pie served with seasonal Vegetables (V) Dessert Moorish Chocolate Brownies Afternoon Snack Fresh Fruit Tea Asian Tomato Soup served with fresh Bread Dessert Fresh Scones served with Strawberry Jam and Fresh Cream Wed Mid Morning Snack Fresh Fruit Lunch Polish Kabanos Sausage Casserole, served with BreadQuorn and Vegetable Sausage Casserole, served with Bread (V) Dessert Swirly Cheesecake Afternoon Snack Tortilla Chips Tea Chicken or Quorn Bites served with a seasonal Salad Dessert Juicy Pineapple upside down Cake Thur Mid Morning Snack Variety of Maize Snacks Lunch Chilli Con Carne served with RiceVegetable Chilli Con Carne served with Rice (V) Dessert Sweet Bread Pudding Afternoon Snack Fresh Fruit Tea Selection of soft filled rolls, served with crispy lettuce and Cucumber Dessert Mini Banana Muffins Fri Mid Morning Snack Fresh Fruit Lunch Cheesey Courgette and Polenta Bake served with Cauliflower Florets(V) Dessert Fruit Crumble and low sugar Custard Afternoon Snack Healthy Baked Bites Tea Mini Jacket Potatoes filled with Cheesy Baked Beans DessertSmooth Fruit YogurtIf you see the menu ,you will know t hat children are getting correct amount of required nutrients everyday. Milk and water is essential for snack time to make sure children are getting correct amount of Calcium and Vitamin D.Babies have organic carrot sticks (very soft crisps) and cracker bread for snack. Some babies don’t have snack. They have their milk bottles. Rest of the food, they have same but we make sure that everything is mashed up properly.

Questions On The Liquidation Courts - 871 Words

CHAPTER TEN HOW TO BANKRUPT YOUR STUDENT LOANS Everybody realizes that you can t bankrupt understudy credits. Look the web with the catchphrases chapter 11 and understudy credits and you get either numerous postings for loaning establishments attempting to motivate you to take out another advance, or you see eBooks letting you know that it is basically difficult to bankrupt your understudy advances aside from under the state of undue hardship and afterward they neglect to let you know anything how to prove the condition. How disappointing! The following is a rundown of the striking focuses given in Bankrupt Your Student Loans and Other Discharge Strategies? The liquidation courts initially regarded understudy credits the same as some other unsecured obligation. Understudy advances could be recorded in a Chapter 7 documenting and completely released. Nonetheless, in 1976 Congress changed the Higher Education Act of 1965 and required understudy advances to be non-dischargeable unless: (a) the obligation first got to be expected over 5 years before the date of documenting of the liquidation, or, (b) inability to release the obligation would bring about undue hardship to the borrower or to wards of the account holder. In 1990, Congress extended the 5 year guideline to 7 years and in the long run dispensed with as far as possible by and large in 1998. Undue Hardship Analysis Tragically, Congress neglected to characterize the expression undue hardship. An audit ofShow MoreRelatedFinancial Crisis: Understanding Bankruptcy1099 Words   |  4 PagesEvery creditor shall cancel the loan he is made to his fellow Israelite. 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